5 Things to Know Before Adopting Pet Rats

Thinking about bringing home pet rats? These clever, social little animals make amazing companions, but like any pet, they come with their own unique care needs. Whether you're new to small animals or already a rodent enthusiast, here are five important things to know before adopting your new best friends.

1. Rats Are Highly Social (And Shouldn’t Be Alone)

Pet rats thrive in same-sex groups and should never be kept alone. While a pair is the absolute minimum, a trio is strongly recommended to ensure healthy group dynamics and prevent potential behavioral issues. Rats bond deeply with their cage mates, and watching them play, snuggle, and groom each other is one of the most rewarding parts of rat ownership.

2. They Need Plenty of Enrichment

Rats are intelligent, curious creatures who love to explore and solve problems. A simple cage with food and water isn’t enough, you’ll need tunnels, hammocks, foraging toys, and time outside the cage for them to play and interact with you. Enrichment keeps their minds sharp and prevents boredom, depression, and destructive behaviors.

3. Cage Size and Setup Matters

Despite their small size, rats need a large, well-ventilated cage with vertical space to climb and horizontal space to roam. Tanks are never recommended, they lack proper airflow and can contribute to respiratory issues, which rats are especially prone to. Instead, choose a wire cage with 1/2-inch bar spacing to ensure safety and ventilation. The Critter Nation cage (single or double) is a gold standard in the rat community for its size, ease of cleaning, and customization options.

4. They’re Low-Maintenance, But Not No-Maintenance

Rats are relatively easy to care for, but they still require daily interaction, fresh food, clean water, and regular cage cleaning. You'll also need to monitor for signs of illness—especially respiratory symptoms, which can develop quickly. Although often overlooked, rats are considered exotic pets, and veterinary care can be limited and expensive. It's important to have a plan and a budget in place in case your rats need medical attention.

5. They’ll Steal Your Heart—But Not for Long

The hardest part of owning rats is their short lifespan. Most live around 2 to 3 years. While their time with you may be brief, the bond you build is deep. Knowing what to expect helps you make the most of every moment with these loving little companions.